Hong-Sheng Enclosure Movement in England

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Hong-Sheng Beijing scholars ,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]

present, a new \of cultivated land in exchange for urban construction land in order to obtain high land revenue,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], to finance the land to be maintained.
Speaking of \In fact, not only in the history of the British enclosure movement had, China has had. Central Plains, such as when the Mongols, who occupy a large number of fields as pasture; Manqingruguan after Banners soldiers will also occupy land to the estate to do, \Manchuria to China to be the beginning of the officers and men, that the 'enclosure'. \Moreover, the people depicted in the classical theory in British history \
understanding of history, in fact, there are two forms: one is the true history, one is the concept of history. As for British history, \The passing of the \
enclosure movement in Britain is a history took centuries of social movements, of which there were two high points: the late 15th century to early 16th century and late 18th century to early 19th century.
occurred in the late 15th century to early 16th century the British enclosure movement, known as \The book is a moral passion for the literary works of nature, not rational, rigorous academic work. The book is Thomas Moore 1515-1516 the British ambassador to the European continent Zhuancheng during the use of leisure time,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and the actual situation of the enclosure has not been thorough and meticulous research. The British had organized at the time the Commission of Inquiry enclosure, the early 20th century British historian Trevelyan (G. M. Trevelyan), who saved the file under the new materials, and found the facts and accused Moore of great different. Therefore, the British scholar Kenneth O. Morgan (K ennethO. M organ) editor of the \. \
However, the \Meanwhile, in the 16th century, the United Kingdom by the rapid population growth and the price revolution in Europe and other social and economic impact, many people living condition deteriorated, resulting in the community required \Endless greed \and the life. \These moral declaration had a significant impact at the time, and was published many pamphlets, sermons and popular literary works set handed down, but also affect the post-world concept.
enclosure to another climax in the late 18th century to early 19th century. 1760-1820 years, the British population from 6.5 million surge up to 12 million. Demand for food caused by soaring population, coupled with the French Revolution, Napoleon's forces swept through Europe, the Anglo-French war, the British blocked food imports, it must develop its agriculture, to the rapid growth of the population to provide enough food. It is in this background, a massive British enclosure movement, the result is from the 1760 cereal production of over 40,000 tons in 1820 increased to 7 million tons. The rapid growth of grain production, mainly due to investment in Enclosure increase in the land after the effective promotion of farming methods caused by such factors.
this period, the British enclosure movement is achieved through parliamentary legislation. The process, first proposed petition to the Parliament, Parliament passed the Enclosure Act request. Application for enclosure in an area, you need a place to convene a meeting of all landowners to agree to vote enclosure, you need to occupy a land area of 4 / 5 or more people agree. After signing the petition, submitted to Parliament for discussion. After Parliament passed the Enclosure Act, usually by the parish lords, priests have a lot of land and a few people who were entitled to organize the enclosure of a 3-7 person committee responsible for implementing. From the 1730s to the 1830s, a total of 110 years, Parliament passed the 4044 Enclosure Act, which in the 1800s to the 1810s up to 20 years, through the enclosure for the 1659 Act, from which it is clear that this is the French Revolution British and French war led to the British blocked the associated food imports.
the enclosure movement in British history, a complex economic, social background, the actual situation and the classic concept of conveying a large gap, it is difficult to simply condemn it as evil, but this is not that the British enclosure movement is not to accuse the Department. For example, the American scholar David Roberts once said: \to the economic and social injustice. However, many unfair, is not entirely inevitable. At that time, advanced agricultural experts are set aside time advocate of small ranch in the enclosure and the small enclosure, which is wise and feasible , while the Congress would not listen. \In this sense, including Thomas More and some Protestant theologians, including many people on the Enclosure Movement in the moral condemnation of injustice has its positive role, and their descendants for their hope that the community should be given a fair and moral passion understanding and respect, because it is \Of fairness, justice demands never out of date, caring for the weak and never should be promoted.

Enclosure Movement in the modernization of rural England have a significant impact. British Government's policy towards enclosure in the 18th century opposed the 18th century after entering into a support. 18th century enclosure movement restrictions are not enforced the Act, because the social and economic development needs to promote the enclosure; 18th century enclosure support of the Government, but also because of social and economic development. This means that, to promote the strength of the British enclosure movement from the social and economic development of its own laws, rather than act under the direction of the government forced the Government has not gone for their own financial needs of the people deprived of their right to the bottom.
determine whether a policy is reasonable, there are two key points: a look at whether the social and economic development needs, to see whether the two principles of social justice. Government as a public service organization, not for its own sake and shop and go against the social and economic development of the law of things, not to take the lead in undermining social justice. China is the new enclosure movement, and the mandatory demolition of the village home, may not meet the current Chinese rural social and economic development law, the replacement homestead land revenue farmers entirely for himself, but also contrary to the principles of justice. Therefore, if the full implementation of this policy is likely to give well-ordered society, the development of China's great to stay hidden, it should be corrected as soon as possible.
(This article Source: WASHINGTON)
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